SAA-C03 - Design Resilient Architectures (26% of the exam) - Section 2.5

Design highly available architectures using Multi-AZ deployments, cross-Region replication and automatic failover.

Explain how Multi-AZ deployments distribute compute and database resources across physically separate Availability Zones to eliminate single points of failure within a Region. Design cross-Region resilience by combining cross-Region replication for data, Amazon Route 53 failover routing policies to redirect traffic, and Aurora read replicas promoted to primary in a secondary Region.

Multi-AZCross-Region replicationAmazon Route 53 failoverAurora replicas

Practice question for this objective

Free sampleDesign Resilient Architectureshard

A retailer runs a primary application stack behind an Application Load Balancer in ap-southeast-2 and an identical warm standby stack behind another Application Load Balancer in us-west-2, reachable through the public domain shop.example.com. The team wants Amazon Route 53 to send all users to the primary while it is healthy and to redirect new requests to the standby automatically, within minutes, only when the primary stack stops responding, using the existing domain name and the least custom code. Which two configuration choices implement this active-passive Regional failover? Select TWO.

  • AUse Route 53 latency-based routing between the two Application Load Balancers so users are always sent to the Region with the lowest latency for their location.
  • BCreate two Route 53 failover records for shop.example.com, marking the ap-southeast-2 Application Load Balancer as Primary and the us-west-2 one as Secondary so traffic shifts only on primary failure. Correct
  • CUse Route 53 weighted routing with the primary at weight 100 and the standby at weight 0, then have an operator raise the standby weight by hand during an outage.
  • DAttach a Route 53 health check to the primary record that monitors a health endpoint on the ap-southeast-2 stack, so Route 53 stops returning the primary when it becomes unhealthy. Correct
  • EEnable cross-zone load balancing on the primary Application Load Balancer so that user requests keep being served even if the entire ap-southeast-2 Region fails.
Understand that Route 53 active-passive Regional failover needs failover-routing Primary and Secondary records combined with a health check on the primary to trigger automatic DNS failover. Route 53 failover routing returns the Primary record while a health check reports the primary stack as healthy, and returns the Secondary record once that health check fails. Pairing the two records with a health check on the primary endpoint gives automatic DNS-level redirection to the warm standby Region within minutes, using the same domain name and no custom failover code.

Why A is wrong: Latency routing splits live traffic across both Regions by network latency, which is active-active load distribution, not the active-passive failover the requirement specifies.

Why B is correct: Failover routing with a Primary and a Secondary record sends all traffic to the primary while healthy and switches to the standby on failure, which is exactly the active-passive behaviour required.

Why C is wrong: Weighted records do not react to health on their own, so a manual weight change defeats the automatic within-minutes failover requirement and adds operational toil.

Why D is correct: A health check on the primary record is what lets Route 53 detect the outage and stop answering with the primary, triggering the automatic failover to the standby within minutes.

Why E is wrong: Cross-zone load balancing only spreads traffic across Availability Zones within one Region; it does nothing for a Regional failure and cannot move traffic to us-west-2.

See more SAA-C03 practice questions, answers explained.

Exam traps in Design Resilient Architectures

Answers that look right on this material and are not. Each one is a distractor from a different question in the SAA-C03 bank for this domain.

  • It synchronously commits every write to both Regions before acknowledging the client, which is what holds the cross-Region recovery point objective at exactly zero.

    Why it is wrong: Aurora Global Database replicates asynchronously through dedicated infrastructure, giving sub-second but non-zero lag; claiming synchronous cross-Region commits would add unacceptable write latency and is not how it works.

  • Move the single NAT gateway into a public subnet and attach a secondary Elastic IP address so it can keep routing traffic if its Availability Zone is impaired.

    Why it is wrong: A NAT gateway already lives in a public subnet, and a second Elastic IP does not make it span zones, so a failure of its Availability Zone still cuts all outbound traffic.

  • The group launches every instance in the single Availability Zone with the lowest latency to keep response times consistent across the fleet.

    Why it is wrong: Concentrating instances in one zone would improve nothing for resilience; if that zone failed the whole fleet would go down, which is the opposite of the stated availability goal.

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