PTCE - Medications - Section 1.3

Identify common or life-threatening drug interactions and contraindications, including drug-drug, drug-dietary supplement, drug-laboratory, drug-nutrient, and drug-disease interactions.

Identify clinically significant drug-drug, drug-dietary supplement, drug-nutrient, drug-laboratory, and drug-disease interactions and their underlying mechanisms. Distinguish interactions that are absolutely contraindicated from those requiring monitoring or dose adjustment.

Drug-drug interactionContraindicationDrug-dietary supplement interactionDrug-disease interaction

Practice question for this objective

Free sampleMedicationshard

A patient, Desmond Achterberg, has been stabilised on warfarin for atrial fibrillation with a target INR of 2 to 3. He tells the technician at pick-up that he has started taking a daily high-dose vitamin K supplement he bought to support bone health. What is the technician's BEST response?

  • AReassure him that supplements do not affect prescription medicines and complete the sale.
  • BRefer him to the pharmacist, because high-dose vitamin K can reduce warfarin's effect and lower the INR. Correct
  • CTell him to stop the warfarin while taking the supplement and resume it when the bottle is finished.
  • DAdvise him to double his warfarin dose to overcome the supplement's effect.
Identify that vitamin K supplements antagonise warfarin and that interactions of this kind require pharmacist referral, not technician dose advice. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, lowering clotting factor synthesis. Supplemental vitamin K supplies the very cofactor warfarin suppresses, so it opposes the drug, reduces the INR, and raises clot risk, which is why the pharmacist must assess it.

Why A is wrong: This is tempting because supplements are sold over the counter and seem benign, but vitamin K directly antagonises warfarin, so dismissing the interaction is unsafe and wrong.

Why B is correct: Vitamin K is the substrate warfarin blocks, so a high-dose supplement opposes warfarin, can drop the INR below range, and warrants a pharmacist counselling referral, making this the best action.

Why C is wrong: Stopping an anticoagulant sounds like a way to avoid the interaction, but halting warfarin risks clot formation and is outside the technician's scope, so this is wrong.

Why D is wrong: Increasing the dose seems to logically counter the antagonism, but dose changes require prescriber and pharmacist judgement and self-adjustment risks bleeding, so a technician must not advise this.

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