SEE-2 - Specialized Returns and Taxpayers (21% of the exam) - Section 3.3

Compare employer-sponsored retirement plans - SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and qualified plans - and apply contribution limits, deduction rules, and prohibited transaction rules.

Compare SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, solo 401(k), and qualified defined-contribution and defined-benefit plans, applying the annual contribution and deduction limits and the eligibility and coverage requirements an employer must meet. Recognise the self-employed retirement deduction is taken above the line, and identify prohibited transactions and the excise taxes that result from excess contributions.

SEP-IRASIMPLE IRAQualified planContribution limitsProhibited transactions

Practice question for this objective

Free sampleSpecialized Returns and Taxpayersmedium

Larkmere Design Studio LLC, a calendar-year business taxed as a partnership, sponsors a SIMPLE IRA and uses the dollar-for-dollar matching contribution formula rather than the nonelective formula. One employee, aged 38, earns 90,000 dollars in 2024 and elects to defer 8,000 dollars of salary into the plan for the year. Under the matching formula the employer match is capped at 3 percent of the employee's compensation. What is the employer's matching contribution for this employee for 2024?

  • A8,000 dollars, matching the employee deferral dollar for dollar with no further limit
  • B1,800 dollars, being 2 percent of the employee's 90,000 dollar compensation
  • C2,700 dollars, being 3 percent of the employee's 90,000 dollar compensation Correct
  • D16,000 dollars, the maximum employee deferral, paid as the employer match for the year
Apply the SIMPLE IRA dollar-for-dollar matching formula capped at 3 percent of compensation to determine the employer contribution. A SIMPLE IRA employer must choose either a matching contribution equal to employee deferrals up to 3 percent of compensation or a 2 percent nonelective contribution for all eligible employees; under the matching formula a deferral above 3 percent of pay is matched only to the 3 percent ceiling.

Why A is wrong: This applies the dollar-for-dollar idea without the cap. The match is dollar for dollar only up to 3 percent of compensation, so a deferral larger than 3 percent of pay is not matched in full.

Why B is wrong: This uses the 2 percent figure that belongs to the alternative nonelective contribution formula, not the matching formula. The matching formula uses a 3 percent of compensation cap, so 2 percent understates the required match.

Why C is correct: Under the SIMPLE IRA matching formula the employer matches deferrals dollar for dollar up to 3 percent of compensation; the 8,000 dollar deferral exceeds that cap, so the match is 3 percent of 90,000 dollars, which is 2,700 dollars.

Why D is wrong: This confuses the 2024 employee elective deferral limit of 16,000 dollars with the employer match. The deferral limit caps what the employee may put in; the employer match is a separate amount limited to 3 percent of compensation.

See more SEE-2 practice questions, answers explained.

Exam traps in Specialized Returns and Taxpayers

Answers that look right on this material and are not. Each one is a distractor from a different question in the SEE-2 bank for this domain.

  • 69,000 dollars, the full annual additions limit, because employer contributions are counted separately from deferrals

    Why it is wrong: This wrongly treats the 69,000 dollar ceiling as available solely for employer money. The Section 415(c) limit aggregates employee elective deferrals and employer contributions together, so the employer share is the ceiling minus the deferral already made.

  • 50,000 dollars, the full amount of the loan, treated as a 100 percent first-tier tax

    Why it is wrong: This applies the 100 percent rate, but that is the second-tier tax that arises only if the prohibited transaction remains uncorrected after the IRS issues a deficiency notice. The first-tier tax is 15 percent of the amount involved.

  • As a deduction against the proprietor's own self-employment income on Schedule SE, reducing the self-employment tax base.

    Why it is wrong: Tempting because retirement contributions interact with self-employment figures, but it is wrong because Schedule SE computes self-employment tax and is not where employer contributions for employees are deducted.

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