CRISC - Risk Assessment - Section 2.7

Distinguish inherent and residual risk and use business impact analysis to evaluate risk against criteria.

Distinguish inherent risk - before controls are applied - from residual risk that remains after controls, and use business impact analysis to evaluate both against defined risk criteria. Recognise that residual risk exceeding tolerance requires further treatment rather than acceptance by default.

Inherent riskResidual riskBusiness impact analysisRisk evaluation

Practice question for this objective

Free sampleRisk Assessmenthard

A risk practitioner has assessed the residual risk of a customer payments platform and must now evaluate it against the organisation's risk criteria so the risk committee can decide on a response. Which comparison BEST supports a sound risk evaluation at this stage?

  • ACompare the inherent risk of the platform against the recorded inherent ratings of other in-scope systems to rank where it sits overall.
  • BCompare the residual risk against the organisation's documented risk appetite and tolerance levels to judge whether the exposure is acceptable. Correct
  • CCompare the cost of the controls already operating on the platform against the cost of the additional controls a vendor has proposed for it.
  • DCompare the residual risk against the gross inherent risk recorded before any controls were credited to confirm that controls reduced it.
Risk evaluation compares the residual exposure against documented risk criteria such as appetite and tolerance to decide whether a response is needed. Evaluation is the step where measured risk is judged against agreed criteria. The figure that matters is residual risk, because it reflects the exposure that actually remains, and it is tested against appetite and tolerance to determine acceptability, not against inherent ratings or control costs.

Why A is wrong: Ranking inherent risk across systems helps with scoping and prioritisation, but evaluation against criteria must use the residual figure that reflects the platform's actual current exposure.

Why B is correct: Risk evaluation tests the residual exposure against agreed criteria such as appetite and tolerance, which is what tells the committee whether the remaining risk needs a response.

Why C is wrong: Weighing control costs informs treatment selection later, but a cost comparison does not establish whether the residual risk itself sits inside or outside the organisation's criteria.

Why D is wrong: Showing that controls lowered the figure demonstrates control effect, yet a movement from inherent to residual says nothing about whether the result is acceptable against criteria.

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