PMP - Process (50% of the exam) - Section 2.1

Plan and manage scope, schedule, and budget and resources, decomposing deliverables, sequencing work, estimating, and controlling against the baseline.

Determine and prioritise requirements, decompose scope into a work breakdown structure, and validate and control scope against the agreed baseline to prevent scope creep. Estimate and sequence activities to build a realistic schedule, plan and manage the budget and resources, and measure progress with techniques such as earned value to forecast variances and adjust to keep the project on plan.

Work breakdown structureSchedule baselineEarned value managementScope control

Practice question for this objective

Free sampleProcesshard

During execution of a predictive project, a business analyst begins adding small, unrequested enhancements to a deliverable because they seem beneficial, and these additions were never submitted as change requests. The project manager notices the delivered work is drifting beyond the approved scope baseline. What should the project manager do to address this situation?

  • ARun the Validate Scope process with the customer to formally accept the enhanced deliverable as it now stands.
  • BUpdate the scope baseline to include the enhancements so the delivered work and the baseline agree.
  • CDirect the analyst to keep the enhancements and note them in the lessons learned register for future reference.
  • DPerform the Control Scope process to compare the work against the scope baseline and manage any variance through integrated change control. Correct
Unapproved additions are scope creep, handled through Control Scope by measuring against the scope baseline and using integrated change control. Control Scope monitors the status of the project scope against the scope baseline and ensures changes are processed through integrated change control; applying it exposes the unauthorised additions as variance and forces a disciplined decision rather than absorbing the creep.

Why A is wrong: Seeking formal acceptance sounds like closure, but Validate Scope confirms completed deliverables against agreed scope and should not be used to bless work that bypassed change control, so it does not address the creep.

Why B is wrong: Amending the baseline to match the work seems to restore alignment, but changing the baseline without an approved change request rewards the bypass and defeats the purpose of the baseline as a controlled reference.

Why C is wrong: Recording a lesson is worthwhile later, but silently keeping unapproved additions leaves the scope out of control now and skips the required step of assessing the variance against the baseline.

Why D is correct: Uncontrolled additions are scope creep, and Control Scope is the process that monitors the status of scope against the baseline and routes any needed adjustments through integrated change control, which is the disciplined response here.

See more PMP practice questions, answers explained.

Exam traps in Process

Answers that look right on this material and are not. Each one is a distractor from a different question in the PMP bank for this domain.

  • The project is ahead of schedule because the actual cost exceeds the earned value.

    Why it is wrong: Actual cost above earned value describes a cost overrun, not schedule position, so reading it as being ahead of schedule confuses the two dimensions.

  • The project is ahead of schedule and under budget, because the earned value exceeds both the planned value and the actual cost.

    Why it is wrong: This misreads the figures; earned value of 180,000 is below both the planned value and the actual cost, so it inverts the true position rather than reflecting the negative variances.

  • Update the schedule baseline to the actual dates, because the baseline should always reflect the most current understanding of when work will finish.

    Why it is wrong: This is tempting because a current view feels useful, but overwriting the baseline with actuals destroys the comparison point needed to measure variance and can only change after approved change control, not on request.

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